Acute Phase Protein ELISA Kits

Acute phase protein levels increase in blood and other bodily fluids as a result of inflammation, tissue injury, and disease. They are used as biomarkers of disease in humans, companion animals, livestock, and species used in preclinical research. When selecting an acute phase biomarker it is important to appreciate that a good biomarker in one species is not necessarily useful in other species. For example, C-reactive protein (CRP) can increase as much as 1000-fold in humans and dogs but it increases by only 50% in rats. Please contact us if you would like advice regarding biomarker selection. We currently manufacture ELISA kits for measurement of acute phase proteins including CRP, haptoglobin, hemopexin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, clusterin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, serum amyloid A (SAA), and serum amyloid P (SAP) in species including but not limited to mouse, rat, rabbit, cat, dog, pig, cow, chicken, and monkey.

Data that illustrate the use of our kits to measure acute phase proteins in mouse and rat inflammation/infection models can be found here: mouse, rat. Literature references that describe the use of our kits are listed at the bottom of this page.

Click on the “Insert” button for kit instructions

Orders may be placed by phone, fax, email, or via our online shop.

For technical advice please email us at [email protected]. All kits listed below are manufactured by Life Diagnostics, Inc.

The figures and table below illustrate the serum levels of acute phase proteins in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treated rats using ELISA kits manufactured by Life Diagnostics, Inc. Sprague Dawley (~200g) rats were injected (i.p.) with 1 mg/kg LPS in saline. At the times indicated, blood was drawn and serum prepared. Acute phase protein levels were evaluated using LDI ELISA kits. Data are illustrated as fold-change relative to baseline values.

Literature References that cite the use of LDI acute phase protein ELISA kits

Bovine CRP

1. Nagy O, Tothova C, and Mudron P. The impact of diarrhoea in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis seropositive dairy cows on serum protein fractions and selected acute phase proteins. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 48(1):14-20 (2020)
2. Elsayed DH, et al. Subclinical endometriosis and postpartum ovarian resumption in respect to TNF-a, IL-8 and CRP in Egyptian buffaloes. Animal Reprod. 2020;17(1):e20190027

Bovine Haptoglobin

1. Peralto OA, et al. Safety and efficacy of a mesenchymal stem cell intramammary therapy in dairy cows with experimentally induced Staphylococcus aureus clinical mastitis. Nature Scientific Reports 10:2843 (2020)
2. Celestino ML, et al. The effect of metaphylactic use of tildipirosin for the control of respiratory disease in long-distanced transported dairy calves. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:632 (2020)
3. Del Campo M, et al. Effect of different feeding strategies on animal welfare and meat quality in Uruguayan steers. Meat Science 80(3): 753-760 (2008)
4. Kim MH, et al. Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, diarrheal incidence and immune-response of neonatal calves. Anim Sci J. 81(4):475-481 (2010)
5. Kim MH, et al. The stress of weaning influences serum levels of acute-phase proteins, iron-binding proteins, inflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and leukocyte subsets in Holstein calves. J Vet Sci. 12(2): 151-157 (2011)
6. Kwon IH, et al. Effects of fermented soybean meal on immune response of weaned calves with experimentally induced lipopolysaccharide challenge. Asian-Aust J Anim Sc. 24(7): 957-964 (2011)
7. Fry RS, et al. Effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1. Res Vet Sci. 90(1):78-83 (2011)
8. Kim MH, et al. Effects of hydrolyzed yeast supplementation in calf starter on immune responses to vaccine challenge in neonatal calves. Animal. 5(6):953-960 http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1751731110002673 (2011)
9. Kim MH, et al. The effects of fermented soybean meal on immunophysiological and stress-related parameters in Holstein calves after weaning. J Dairy Sci. 95(9): 5203-5212 (2012)
10. Mullins CR, et al. Effects of monensin on metabolic parameters, feeding behavior, and productivity of transition dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 95(3):1323-1326 http://www.journalofdairyscience.org/article/S0022-0302%2812%2900089-6/fulltext (2012)
11. Nilgun G, et al. Evaluation of plasma and milk haptoglobin concentrations in the diagnosis and treatment follow-up of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Acta Veterinaria (Beograd). 62:271-279 (2012)
12. Sabedra D. Serum haptoglobin as an indicator for calving difficulties and postpartal diseases in transition dairy cows. (2012). Thesis. Presentation
13. Cooke RF and Arthington JD. Concentrations of haptoglobin in bovine plasma determined by ELISA or a colorimetric method based on peroxidase activity. J Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 97(3):531-6 (2012)
14. Qu Y et al. Depleted serum vitamin E concentrations precede abomasum in early-lactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci. 96:3012-3022 (2013)

Chicken alpha-1-acid glycoprotein

1. Lee KW, et al. Effects of direct-fed microbials on growth performance, gut morphometry, and immune characteristics in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 89: 203-216 (2010)
2. Li G, et al. Immunopathology and cytokine responses in commercial broiler chickens with gangrenous dermatitis. Avian Pathology. 39(4): 255-264 (2010)
3.  O’Reilly EL, et.al. A comparative study of acute phase protein concentrations in historical and modern breeder lines.  Poultry Science. 97:3847-3853 (2018)

Chicken Ceruloplasmin

1.  O’Reilly EL, et.al. A comparative study of acute phase protein concentrations in historical and modern breeder lines.  Poultry Science. 97:3847-3853 (2018)

Chicken SAA

1.  O’Reilly EL, et.al. A comparative study of acute phase protein concentrations in historical and modern breeder lines.  Poultry Science. 97:3847-3853 (2018)

Dog CRP

1. Kjelgaard-Hansen M, et al. Measurement of serum interleukin-10 in the dog. The Veterinary Journal. 173(2) 361-365 (2007)
2. Freeman LJ, et al. Comparison of pain and postoperative stress in dogs undergoing natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, laparoscopic, and open oophorectomy. Gastrointest Endosc. 72(2):373-380 (2010)

Dolphin SAA

1. Miller SN, et al. Serum amyloid A in healthy female bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) during and after uncomplicated pregnancy. IAAAM 2016. http://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=7312349&pid=14818

Monkey Acute Phase Proteins

1. Ossetrova NI, et al. The use of discriminant analysis for evaluation of early-response multiple biomarkers of radiation exposure using non-human primate 6-Gy whole body radiation model. Radiation Measurements. 42: 1158-1163 (2007) – CRP
2. Blackwood RS, et al. Effects of the Macrolide drug Tylosin on Chronic Diarrhea in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mullata). Comparative Medicine. 58(1): 81-87 (2008) – CRP
3. Blakely WF, et al. Multiple parameter radiation injury assessment using a nonhuman primate radiation model-biodosimetry applications. Health Phys. 98(2): 153-159 (2010) – CRP
4. Ossetrova NI, et al. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid-A as early-phase and prognostic indicators of acute radiation exposure in nonhuman primate total-body irradiation model. Radiation Measurements. 46: 1019-1024 (2011) – CRP & SAA
5. Hopkins RA, et al. Bioengineered human and allogeneic pulmonary valve conduits chronically implanted orthotopically in baboons: Hemodynamic performance and immunologic consequences. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. [Epub ahead of print] (2012) – CRP
6. Henning LN, et al. Pathophysiology of the rhesus macaque model for inhalational brucellosis. Infect Immun. 80(1):298-310 http://iai.asm.org/content/80/1/298.long (2012) – CRP

Mouse Acute Phase Proteins

1. Ito R, et al. Interferon-gamma is causatively involved in experimental inflammatory bowel disease in mice. Clinical and Experimental Immunology. 146: 330-338 (2006) – Haptoglobin
2. Bishop DF, et al. Uroporphyrinogen III synthase Knock-In mice have the human congenital erythropoietic porphyria phenotype, including the characteristic light-Induced cutaneous lesions. Am J Hum Genet. 78(4): 645-658 (2006) – Haptoglobin
3. Liu M, et al. Acute kidney injury leads to brain inflammation and functional changes. J Am Soc Neprol. 19(7): 1360-1370 (2008) – CRP
4. Chung M-C, etal. Activation of plasminogen activator inhibitor implicates protease InhA in the acute-phase response to Bacillus anthracis infection. J Med Microbiol. 58: 737-744 (2009) – CRP, Haptoglobin, Hemopexin & SAA
5. Bem RA, et al. Mechanical ventilation enhances lung inflammation and caspase activity in a model of mouse pneumovirus infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 296: L46–L56 (2009) – Macroglobulin
6. Hod EA, et al. Transfusion of red blood cells after prolonged storage produces harmful effects that are mediated by iron and inflammation. Blood 115(21): 4284-4292 (2010) – SAA
7. Bem RA, et al. Granzyme A- and B-cluster deficiency delays acute lung injury in pneumovirus-infected mice. The Journal of Immunology. 184: 931-938 (2010) – Macroglobulin
8. Cray C, et.al. Quantitation of acute phase proteins and protein electrophoresis in monitoring the acute inflammatory process in experimentally and naturally infected mice. Comparative Medicine. 60(4): 263-371 (2010) – CRP, Haptoglobin & SAA
9. Min SH, et al. Pharmacological targeting reveals distinct roles for CXCR2/CXCR1 and CCR2 in a mouse model of arthritis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 391(1):1080-1086 (2010) – SAA
10. Iversen PO, et al. Separate mechanisms cause anemia in ischemic vs. nonischemic murine heart failure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 298(3):R808-R814 http://ajpregu.physiology.org/content/298/3/R808.long (2010) – CRP
11. Teupser D, et al. No reduction of atherosclerosis in C-reactive protein (CRP)-deficient mice. J Biol Chem. 286(8): 6272-6279 (2011) – CRP
12. Higashisaka K, et al. Acute phase proteins as biomarkers for predicting the exposure and toxicity of nanomaterials. Biomaterials. 32: 3-9 (2011) – CRP, Haptoglobin & SAA
13. Lee KH, et al. Effects of Lonicera japonica Thunb. On dextran sulfate sodium-induces experimental colitis in mice. J Medicinal Plants Research. 5(22) 5437-5443 (2011) – SAA
14. Stanton MC, et Al. Inflammatory signals shift from adipose to liver during high fat feeding and influence the development of steatohepatitis in mice. http://www.journal-inflammation.com/content/8/1/8 (2011) – SAA
15. Matsumoto M, et al. Longevity in mice is promoted by probiotic-induced suppression of colonic senescence dependent on upregulation of gut bacterial polyamine production. PLoS One. 2011; 6(8): e23652. 10.1371/journal.pone.0023652 (2011) – Haptoglobin
16. Beachy SH, et al. Enforced expression of Lin28b leads to impaired T-cell development, release of inflammatory cytokines, and peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 120(5): 1048-1059 (2012) – CRP
17. Yamasaki Y, et al. Distribution and molecular characterization of Porphyromonas gulae carrying a new fimA genotype. Vet Microbiol. [Epub ahead of print] (2012) – CRP
18. Sunami Y, et al. Hepatic activation of IKK/NFκB signaling induces liver fibrosis via macrophage-mediated chronic inflammation. Hepatology. 56(3):1117-1128 (2012) – SAA
19. Yu B, et al. Diabetes augments and inhaled nitric oxide prevents the adverse hemodynamic effects of transfusing syngeneic stored blood in mice. Transfusion. 52(7):1410-1422 (2012) – Haptoglobin & Hemopexin
20. van Ampting MT, et al. Intestinally secreted C-type lectin Reg3b attenuates salmonellosis but not listeriosis in mice. Infect Immun. 80(3):1115-1120 http://iai.asm.org/content/80/3/1115.long (2012) – SAA
21. Higashisaka K, et al. Hemopexin as biomarkers for analyzing the biological responses associated with exposure to silica nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 7(1): 555 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1556-276X-7-555/fulltext.html (2012) – Hemopexin
22. Aviello G, et al. A mineral extract from red algae ameliorates chronic spontaneous colitis in IL-10 deficient mice in a mouse strain dependent manner. Phytother Res. [Epub ahead of print] (2013) – SAA

Pig Acute Phase Proteins

1. Pomorska-Mól M, et al. Kinetics f single and dual simultaneous infection of pigs with swine influenza A virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Vet Intern Med. 34:1903-1913 (2020) – CRP & Haptoblobin
2. Patterson JK, et al. Dietary Inulin Supplementation does not promote colonic iron absorption in a porcine model. J Agric Food Chem. 57: 5250-5256 (2009) – Haptoglobin
3. Pomorska-Mól M, Markowska-Daniel I, Kwit K. Immune and acute phase response in pigs experimentally infected with H1N2 swine influenza virus. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. [Epub ahead of print] (2012) – CRP & Haptoblobin
4. Kreuzer S, et al. No beneficial effects evident for Enterococcus faecium NCIMB 10415 in weaned pigs infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78(14):4816-4825 (2012) – Haptoglobin
5. Pomorska-Mól M, Kwit K, Markowska-Daniel I. Major acute phase proteins in pig serum from birth to slaughter. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy. 56: 553-557 (2012) – CRP & Haptoblobin
   
6. Pomorska-Mól M, Markowska-Daniel I, Kwit K. Acute phase protein response in pigs experimentally co-infected with swine influenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica. Centr Eur J Immunol. 37(3):221-226 http://www.termedia.pl/Experimental-immunology-Acute-phase-protein-response-in-pigs-experimentally-co-infected-with-swine-influenza-virus-and-Bordetella-bronchiseptica-,10,19478,1,1.html (2012) – CRP & Haptoblobin

Rabbit CRP

1. Ohhashi E, Kimura Y, and Matsumoto K. Pilot study on serum C-reactive protein in pet rabbits: clinical usefulness.Veterinary Record Open2019;6:e000272 (2019)
2. Qian Z, et al. Targeting vascular injury using hantavirus-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors. Molecular Therapy 13(4): 694-704 (2006)
3. Cenesiz S, et al. Effects of fluoride on C-reactive protein, adenosine deaminase, and ceruloplasmin in rabbit sera. Research Report Fluoride 41(1): 52-56 http://www.fluorideresearch.org/411/files/FJ2008_v41_n1_p052-056.pdf (2008)
4. Ferrian S, et al. Comparison of immune response to lipopolysaccharide of rabbit does selected for litter size at weaning or founded for reproductive longevity. Res Vet Sci [Epub ahead of print] (2013)

Rat Acute Phase Proteins

1. Bledsoe SL, et al. Pravastatin and clpidogrel combined inhibit intimal htperplasia in a rat carotid endarterectomy model. Vasc Endovasc Surg. 40: 49-57 (2006) – CRP
2. Schouw Nielsem S, et. al. Synthesis of acute phase proteins in rats with cirrhosis exposed to lipopolysaccharide. http://www.comparative-hepatology.com/content/5/1/3 (2006) – Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, Haptoglobin
3. Aller M-A, et al. Plasma redox status is impaired in the portacaval shunted rat – the risk for reduced antioxidant ability. http://www.comparative-hepatology.com/content/7/1/1 (2008) – Thiostatin
4. Kiraly MA, et al. Exercise maintains euglycemia in association with decreased activation of c-jun NH₂-terminal kinase and serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 in the liver of ZDF rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 289: E671-E682 (2010) – Haptoglobin
5. Ansede JH, et al. Characterization of sandwich-cultured hepatocytes as an in vitro model to assess the hepatobiliary disposition of copper. Am Soc Pharm Exp Ther. 37(5): 969-976 (2009) – Ceruloplasmin
6. Gillet A, et al. TNF production in macrophages is genetically determined and regulates inflammatory disease in rats. J Immunol. 185: 442-450 (2010) – Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
7. Hino S, et al. Ameliorating effects of short-chain inulin-like fructans on the healing stage of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 75(11): 2169-2174 http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/bbb.110460 (2011) – Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein
8. Tomofuji T, et al. Relationships between periodontal inflammation, lipid peroxide and oxidative damage of multiple organs in rats. Biomed Res. 32(5):343-349 http://dx.doi.org/10.2220/biomedres.32.343 (2011) – CRP
9. D’souza AM, et al. Consumption of a high-fat diet rapidly exacerbates the development of fatty liver disease that occurs with chronically elevated glucocorticoids. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 301(8):G850-G863 (2012) – Haptoglobin